"Deception has played a major part throughout the history of warfare," he said. They carved and painted logs to resemble cannons, arranging them around encampments so that Union spies wouldn't suspect that their foes were short on weapons and supplies, according to the Federation of American Scientists.īut the Ghost Army was one of the first known specialized military units that was created specifically to confuse and trick the enemy, Decuers told Live Science. (Image credit: The Metropolitan Museum of Art)Ĭonfederate generals during the American Civil War also used deception to save the day when they were outnumbered and outgunned. This staged scene was photographed in 1862 by George N. Logs that were carved and painted to resemble cannons were known as "Quaker guns," and were used during the American Civil War by Confederate generals to trick Union opponents. It outlined a dozen methods of military deception, including: "When one is capable, give the appearance of being incapable " "when one is near, give the appearance of being far " and "attack them when they are unprepared, come forth when they are not expecting you to do so," according to the U.S. Sun Tzu, a renowned general and philosopher who lived in China during the sixth century B.C., wrote "all warfare is based upon deception" in "The Art of War," a book that defined military strategy for centuries, and is studied to this day. by the poet Homer, the Greek army wins the Trojan War after they tricked the city of Troy into accepting a gift of a giant wooden horse - with Greek soldiers hiding inside. In one of the most famous examples, documented in the eighth century B.C. Though the Ghost Army's audio technologies weren't available to their predecessors, the art of military deception is likely as old as war itself, and canny leaders have schemed their way to victory for thousands of years. – Images: Missing Nazi diary resurfaces "Attack when they are unprepared" – Photos: The flying bombs of Nazi Germany – Fight, fight, fight: The history of human Aggression "It was like a traveling road show that went up and down the front lines impersonating the real fighting outfits," according to the Ghost Army Legacy Project. The Germans moved the bulk of their defenses across the river from the suspected location of the two divisions, shelling an army that didn't exist.Īnd when the Nazis were busy chasing shadows, they weren't engaging the real Allied combat divisions. For that mission, the Ghost Army used 600 inflatable vehicles fake uniform patches to impersonate soldiers from other units and recordings of pontoon bridge-building, "all to deceive the Germans into believing that the 30th Infantry Division and the 79th Infantry Division were preparing to cross the Rhine River," Decuers said. "Their most successful operation was Operation Viersen," which took place from March 18 to March 24, 1945, Decuers said. Audio engineers pre-recorded sounds of military training exercises and the construction of trenches and bridges, and then edited them into soundscapes that could be played on massive speakers within range of German troops, to convince the Nazis that entire combat units occupied locations that were undefended.Īnd then a fourth layer of deception was supplied by the unit's combat engineer company, which would don the insignias of other military units to confuse the Germans or to mislead potential spies in nearby towns. Related: The flying bombs of Nazi GermanyĪ third element of the Ghost Army was sonic deception. Pictured in 1944, this inflatable tank was part of the WWII Ghost Army efforts to create the illusion of greater Allied forces in Europe from Normandy to the Rhine River. "To the trained ear, that telegraphic fist is almost like a fingerprint," Decuers said. The second element was a signal company that concocted fake radio traffic the radio operators were so skilled that they could mimic the morse code "fist" - the sending style - of operators in specific army units, to make fake dispatches sound authentic. These tanks could easily be lifted and moved into position by just a few men, but from a distance they were nearly impossible to distinguish from the real thing. "The first element was the camouflage engineer battalion - the guys who dealt with the inflatable vehicles, inflatable tanks," he said. These and other strategists designed a four-part approach to bring phantom army battalions to life, Decuers explained. Reeder, supervising 82 army officers and 1,023 recruits among them were art students from the Industrial Camouflage Program at the Pratt Institute in New York, fashion designer Bill Blass, photographer Art Kane and painter Ellsworth Kelly. It was made of inflatable rubber and could be assembled in 20 minutes. A dummy tank, photographed in Italy in 1944 and designed by the British Army.
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The scene in which she and Houston have the big argument about Sparkle moving out of the comfortable family home to pursue her musical dreams is so powerful that it doesn’t feel like acting. But, like her character, she gains her footing. Instead we get a movie that will only be recalled because of the terrible moving of one of the celebrities.As the insecure, innocent ingenue, Sparks, 22, seems a bit tentative at first. If 'Sparkle' had discovered more time for Cause, Austin, and the excellent soundtrack I think it could have proved helpful. Watch Sparkle Movie OnlineThe one benefit of the Sis story arc is it does allow Austin to have a really efficient time, even if it is strangely near to actual lifestyle, where she explains her lifestyle as a cautionary story. And Sister's story just isn't that exciting - sensation more like a retread of identical styles in other latest films about ambitious performers. Sparks has a awesome display existence and I will be fascinated to see her in other tasks, but there are very lengthy periods where her story requires a back burner to Sis. It's a difficult connection that causes rubbing in close relatives members, and places a serious risk on all of the siblings musical technology professions. Three talented sisters living in 1950s Harlem form a singing group and soon rise to local stardom. Then there is Sister's wedding to an harassing comic known as Silk (Mike Epps). She is a former musician who never made it and doesn't want her kids to experience the same discomfort she did. Watch Sparkle 2012 online: In the 1960s, three sisters form a girl group and soon become local sensations with major label interest, but fame becomes a challenge as the close-knit family begins to fall apart. First, the whole procedure has to be done in key - as to not disappointed their mom Emma (Houston). But things are complex on several methodologies. /rebates/2fdetails2fd4ca92aeabda53b9a89d94c5d9bb65342fsparkle&. From an affluent Detroit area and daughter to a single mother, she tries to balance a new romance with music manager Stix while dealing with the unexpected challenges her new life will bring as she and her two sisters strive to become. Sis attracts the interest of a youthful administrator known as Stix (Derek Luke), who wants to help the ladies get a history agreement. Musical prodigy, Sparkle struggles to become a star while overcoming issues that are tearing her family apart. Sparkle 2012 Full Movie Free Download TorrentIt's mature sibling, known as Sis (Carmen Ejogo), who has the level existence. She is a blessed music author and even performs in the choir, but is generally banished to a back-up individual because of her shyness. Look for Celebration journal within this Sunday's Go-karting Natural Everyday NewsBut all of that is misused in a movie with a story that is all over the place - and a sad memory of better films like 'Dreamgirls' and even the goofy 'Burlesque.' Sparks performs the headline personality, the newest of three siblings trying to start a women's team. The movie functions some excellent songs, a awesome performing first appearance from United states Idol champion The the air jordan Cause, and provides a glance of what once was from the lately dead Whitney Austin. There are a lot of excellent components in perform in the new movie 'Sparkle,' a reprise of a 1976 movie about three siblings trying to make it in the history companies in Detroit in 1968. There is no other character in the scene who could conceivably be speaking: the tiger doesn't talk, the voice is male (eliminating Jasmine), and both the genie and the rug are below the balcony and off-screen. 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Lisa Bannon penned a 1995 story in the Associated Press about the rumor, with one mother calling the line of dialogue "a toddler introduction to porn":Īnna Runge, a mother of eight, was so enamored with Walt Disney Co. Decide for yourself: Is it a naughty message or just innocent confusion? The moment can be heard in this slow motion audio track, or this one at normal speed, or this third track. Who this second voice was, and exactly what he said, is a mystery. good kitty," and just as Aladdin said the word "kitty," a second voice began to whisper, "Pssst. A close listening to the audio track revealed Aladdin speaking the words "C'mon. Take off." However, neither one of these phrases seemed to match what is heard on the soundtrack. Take off and go," while the closed captioning had him uttering, "Good kitty. One Disney representative claimed that the script called for Aladdin to say, "C'mon. 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These tiered styles offer ample storage and display space. They're ideal for entertaining, allowing you to showcase your favorite treats, from cookies and candy to cupcakes, brownies and so much more. Tiered cake stands from Pottery Barn let your delicious desserts stand out. Plus, these pieces are dishwasher safe for easy cleaning. These hand-glazed pieces boast intricate details and an artisan touch. a rustic sweets display of wood slices, large and thick branches and tree stumps is a cool idea for a rustic or woodland wedding. a dessert table covered with a white tablecloth, a burlap table runner and wood slices as stands for sweets. Plus, thanks to their timeless design, these stands coordinate well with other serving platters.Īnother classic style of cake holders features a sturdy stoneware construction. a vineyard dessert table with two barrels and a tabletop, bright blooms and glass and wooden sweets stands. A fire-polished finish completes this versatile stand. These glass stands are durable, thanks to their soda lime glass construction. A glass dome sits over the cake to keep it fresh. A domed cake stand features sturdy glass plates built on pedestals, adding some height so that your cake is truly on display. Pottery Barn's cake holders serve as a space to display your cake for everyone to enjoy. Whether you're celebrating a birthday or any day, your family will be thrilled to enjoy a homemade cake. You'll find a wide array of uses for these stands from Pottery Barn. So, add this functional and versatile serving platter to your collection. Plus, they double as a decorative way to display your food, making them ideal for entertaining. These cake holders serve as an ideal spot to store your sweet treats. They transform into a work of art, adding intrigue to your food display. Some couples also opt for more unique flavors, such as lavender, maple bacon, or apple cider.When you display your baked goods on a Pottery Barn cake stand, they become more than a sweet treat. Popular rustic wedding cupcake flavors include chocolate, vanilla, lemon, and carrot cake. What is the most popular flavor of cupcakes? Most gatherings are usually held with about 1.5 standard-sized cupcakes per person, which can vary depending on whether there will be more than one flavor cupcake, or other desserts (such as a large frosted cake) or other. How many cupcakes do I need for 150 people? If your cupcakes are standard-sized, maybe you should reduce your price to around $2 per cupcake. How much should you pay for 100 cupcakes? We suggest two to three minis for your guests if you prefer minis. How many cupcakes should I order? One standard-sized cupcake is recommended per guest. How many cupcakes do you need for a wedding? The actual pricing will vary depending on your bakery, but these items do not need much decorating time, so you will save labor for your wedding dessert. PAGE 131, ToP: Surrounded by candlelight, a rustic wedding cake is displayed. You can save money when you choose cupcakes, pies, or doughnuts for your wedding. FACING: A sunflower bouquet is wrapped in burlapfabric and really stands. How should I display my rustic wedding cupcakes? FAQS Is it cheaper to do cupcakes at a wedding? FOODįood is the most general word, referring to anything you can eat. If you want to learn more, check out my e-book, 600+ Confusing English Words Explained. In today’s lesson, I’ll explain when to use these words so that you’ll understand them clearly. Stay safe.Īre you interested in more animal lists? Have a look at animals that start with n, animals that start with a or the total list from a-z.Hello students! A lot of English learners get confused about the words food, dish, meal, and cuisine. These all refer to the general topic of eating, but there are some important differences in how we use each one. But after this adventure, you should do just fine. We guess that you would have struggled listing a couple of animals starting with the letter x before reading this post. If you want to read a video about animals that start with x. Oldest sheep breed indigenous to Asturia, Northern Spain, currently endangered Schooling fish native to the Amazon River, featured in freshwater aquariumsīug that caused Pierce’s disease outbreak in California, survives in low temperaturesīeautiful butterfly species native to Asia, known for genetic diversityįrog species found in Guatemala, at risk of extinction due to deforestation Mexican hairless dog, one of the oldest dog breeds in the world Slender and small-sized bird species originating from China, near-threatened Nebulosus snake eel endemic to the Indo-Pacific oceans Southern naked-tail armadillo, spends most of its time underground Small bird species found in Florida, Mexico, Central, and South Africa Mammals inhabiting Latin America, many species are already extinct Sea bird species known as Sabine gull, prey on young birds, small fish, insects, eggs, and spiders Species of squirrels commonly known as African ground squirrels, found in South Africa Order of horseshoe crabs found in various regions, their blood is used in medical field Spectacular fish inhabiting the Brazilian Xingu River, lays eggs in the river Gecko commonly found in California and Northwest Mexico, reproduces by laying eggsīird species found in the Pacific Ocean from California to Mexico, considered one of the most endangered species Intriguing fish endemic to the Pacific Ocean, feeds on kelp and seaweed Mole-like creature native to Eastern Africa, Kenya, and Tanzania Rare bird exclusive to Baja California, Mexico, grows up to 9cm long However, they are currently considered endangered and are at risk of extinction.įun Fact: The Asturi tribe made black tunics out of the Xalda’s wool. They were quite popular in this region with a population of about 6000. Xalda sheep is one of the oldest sheep breeds indigenous to Asturia, Northern Spain. However, they are on the brink of extinction due to deforestation and charcoal pollution.įun Fact: Unlike other frogs that hatch tadpoles, Robber frogs hatch small frogs when reproducing. The Xucaneb robber frogs are commonly found in Guatemala with populations in Sierra de Xucaneb, Sierra de las Minas and Sierra de la Chuchumatanes. Watch a Great White Shark next to a surfer in California.Bald Eagle Swoops Down and Snatches Small Dog.Heroic Florida Man Saves Beloved Dog from Jaws of Gigantic Alligator.Motherly Love: Witness Scenes From Africa’s Wild Moms.Puma’s Jaw-Dropping Face-off with a Guanaco.3D-Printed Brace Restores Sea Turtle’s Health and Hope.The Top 10 Fastest Animals in The World. Discovering The Potency Of King Cobra Bites.Animals That Start with A – Full List, Images, Facts. Torrenting and P2P file sharing are allowed via the servers of your choice. Set-up guides using the OpenVPN protocol are available for Asus routers running DD-WRT firmware. It’s good for streaming, as well as being stable, private, and secure. ExpressVPNĮxpressVPN has a reputation for being a solid all-rounder. It comes with a 30-day money-back guarantee. May require older Asus routers to install firmwareīEST BUDGET OPTION: about your security and privacy, and boasts some features not available elsewhere.Should you need any help, customer support is available 24/7 via live chat. Unlike most VPNs, subscribers can connect as many devices as they like – this is useful when members of your household are away from the home network.Īpps are available for Linux, macOS, Windows, iOS, and Android. Surfshark keeps no usage logs, and there’s a kill switch that will stop internet traffic if the VPN connection drops out. Perfect forward secrecy ensures that compromised encryption keys cannot be used to unlock past sessions. It uses 256-bit AES encryption, together with a SHA512 authentication hash and 2048-bit DHE-RSA key exchange. Like other top-tier providers, its security is essentially uncrackabl e. It’s a great value service that doesn’t skimp on features, which include double VPN servers for extra security, a no-border mode, auto-connect, private DNS servers, and reliable leak protection. Surfshark is one of the fastest VPNs available and will work on Asus routers running AsusWRT firmware. You can try it risk-free thanks to a 30-day money-back guarantee. It has a comprehensive selection of speedy servers to choose from and a strong commitment to user privacy. Automatic server selection isn’t always helpfulīEST ASUS ROUTER VPN: NordVPN is my top choice for Asus routers.These are resistant to leaking any DNS, WebRTC, or IP traffic, and use the NordLynx protocol by default. Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, and Amazon Fire TV. If you want your devices protected while you’re away from home, NordVPN has apps for There’s also the option to use one of NordVPN’s onion over VPN specialty servers, which will give you extra anonymity by routing data through The Onion Network (Tor). Torrenting is allowed and there are servers especially for this, though you don’t have to use them.Īdditional features include a system wide kill switch that disconnects the internet in the event of a dropped VPN connection, and an app-only kill switch that lets you select which programs are protected. Streaming is reliable and free from lag or buffering, even when viewing 4K content. The company has a no-logs policy and operates a network of RAM-only diskless servers. Security comprises military-grade 256-bit AES encryption, SHA384 authentication, and a 3072-bit DHE-RSA key exchange for perfect forward secrecy. Once installed, NordVPN provides impressive speeds and plenty of servers to choose from worldwide. It offers detailed set-up guides – for routers running OpenVPN 2.4.x and AsusWRT – and helpful, round-the-clock customer support. NordVPN is my first choice VPN for Asus routers. For now, let’s take a look at which VPNs are worth your time. I’ve gone into more detail on the ranking methodology used in finding the best VPNs for Asus routers later in this article.
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